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Tech Law Journal |
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| News, records, and analysis of legislation, litigation, and regulation affecting the computer, internet, communications and information technology sectors | |
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7/31. U.S. District Court Judge Margaret Morrow (C.D.Cal.) released her tentative second order granting summary judgment to the LA Times and Washington Post in their copyright infringement suit against the Free Republic web site. See also, Tech Law Journal summary of LA Times v. Free Republic. 7/31. EPIC filed a complaint in U.S. District Court in Washington DC against the DOJ and FBI under the Freedom of Information Act seeking records concerning Carnivore, the FBI's e-mail surveillance system. See, EPIC release. 7/31. ICANN's period for registering for at large membership expired. ICANN reported that over 158,000 people signed up. The ICANN at large members will select five members to the Board of Directors in October. See, release. 7/31. The GSA has begun awarding digital signature certificates for use in securing online transactions between the federal government and citizens. AT&T received approval to begin issuing 100,000 digital certificates. AT&T and Digital Signature Trust will serve as Certificate Authorities, acting as neutral third parties, to maintain the identity and public key information. This is part of the GSA's Access Certificate for Electronic Services (ACES) program for implementing the Government Paperwork Elimination Act. ACES provides identification, authentication, and non-repudiation via the use of digital signature technology as a means for individuals and business entities to be authenticated when accessing, retrieving, and submitting information. See, AT&T release and GSA release. 7/28. EMI and MP3.com announced that they have entered into a settlement of claims under the copyright infringement suit originally brought by affiliates of EMI and other record labels against MP3.com. Also, EMI has entered into a non-exclusive license with MP3.com for use of EMI controlled recordings. See, MP3.com release. EMI is one of five record companies that sued MP3.com in January. 7/28. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued a stay of the District Court's preliminary injunction in A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster. See, transcript of ruling from the bench. 7/28. EPIC and Junkbusters released a report criticizing the National Advertising Initiative's (NAI) agreement regarding self-regulatory principles for online profiling. The EPIC report concludes that the NAI's "Principles will not protect consumer privacy. The Principles perpetuate the secretive tracking of Internet users and run counter to the standards that consumers want." The EPIC report also recommended "Strong laws and effective enforcement." 7/28. Bill Clinton signed HR 4391, the Mobile Telecommunications Sourcing Act. 7/28. The USTR said that the United States will request WTO consultations with Mexico regarding barriers to competition in Mexico's telecommunications market. See, USTR release and AT&T release. 7.27. The U.S. and the Philippines issued a joint statement on electronic commerce. 7/27. The Senate voted 86 to 12 to invoke cloture on HR 4444, the bill extending PNTR status to China. [See, Roll Call No. 231.] The Senate is now likely to debate and vote on the bill after the summer recess, in September. The House has already passed the bill. 7/27. Senators engaged in a pre summer recess debate over the delay in taking up the H1B visa bill, S 2045. Sens. Ted Kennedy (D-MA) and Harry Reid (D-NV) engaged in a discussion on the Senate floor in which they advocated tying other immigration issues, such as late amnesty for central Americans, to H1B legislation. Sen. Reid stated: "But let's not think we are going to lay over on these issues, which are issues of basic fairness, because of threats on the other side that we are not going to be able to do H1B." 7/27. Sen. John Warner (R-VA) responded regarding the delay in the Senate in taking up S 2045, the bill to increase the annual cap on H1B visas. He stated that "this legislation is now being held hostage because some of my colleagues in the Senate wish to attach unrelated amendments to the bill. ... I implore my colleagues to reconsider their demand for votes on unrelated amendments on this legislation. At this late stage in the Congress, demanding votes on unrelated amendments on this legislation will kill this important bill, leave very important jobs in the information technology sector unfilled, and ultimately, hurt our economy." 7/27. Sen. Pat Leahy (D-VT) also addressed H1B visas and other issues in the Senate. He stated "I believe that the number of H1-B visas ... should be increased. I also believe that we should address other immigration priorities." 7/27. Bill Clinton released a statement on H1B visas for high tech workers. "Congress should not pass H1-B or any other immigration legislation this year without" also granting amnesty to certain central Americans now in the U.S. 7/27. Many tech bills were introduced in the House just prior to the summer recess, covering topics such as Carnivore, tax credits for info tech training expenses, creation of a federal CIO, and broadband deployment in rural areas. Rep. Bob Barr (R-GA) introduced HR 4987, the Digital Privacy Act of 2000. The bill would amend Title 18 of the U.S. Code to update wiretapping laws to enhance privacy protections and bring them in line with technological developments, such as the Internet, wireless phones, and electronic mail. See, Rep. Barr's release. 5/27. Rep. Charles Canady (R-FL) introduced HR 5018. The bill would amend Title 18 of the U.S. Code to modify certain provisions of law relating to the interception of communications. 7/27. Rep. Jerry Weller (R-IL) and others introduced HR 5004, a bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code to allow credit against income tax for information technology training expenses. 7/27. Rep. Tom Davis (R-VA) introduced HR 5024, the Federal Information Policy Act of 2000. The bill would provide for the coordination of Federal information policy through the establishment of a Federal Chief Information Officer and an Office of Information Policy in the Executive Office of the President. See, Rep. Davis' release. 7/27. Rep. David Minge (R-MN) and others introduced HR 5069, a bill to encourage the deployment of broadband services in rural areas. 7/27. The USPTO held a roundtable meeting on its business method patent initiative. The discussion focused on the history behind computer implemented business method patents and identifying ways to improve the USPTO’s current examination approach to computer implemented business method patent applications. 7/27. The House Judiciary Committee's Courts and Intellectual Property Subcommittee held a hearing on "State Sovereign Immunity and Protection of Intellectual Property." As a result of recent Supreme Court decisions, said Rep. Howard Coble (R-NC), "states now have the ability to infringe copyrights, patents, and trademarks with impunity." See, opening statement of Rep. Coble. See also, prepared statements of Marybeth Peters (Register of Copyright, Copyright Office), Mark Lemley (U.C. Berkeley), Daniel Meltzer (Harvard Law School). 7/27. The BSA gave Sen. Pat Leahy (D-VT), the ranking minority member of the Senate Judiciary Committee, its Cyber Champion Award. 7/27. The House Ways and Means Committee approved HR 4986, the Foreign Sales Corporation Repeal and Extraterritorial Income Exclusion Act of 2000, by a vote of 34 to 1. The bill would repeal provisions of the Internal Revenue Code pertaining to foreign sales corporations (FSC), which were ruled illegal by the WTO. The bill would change current tax rules to exclude certain extraterritorial income from gross income. See, HR 4986 as approved by the W&M Committee [26 pages in PDF], and W&M Committee release. 7/27. The House Telecom Subcommittee held a hearing on HR 2420, the Internet Freedom and Broadband Deployment Act of 1999. This is the Tauzin-Dingell bill to provide interLATA data relief for ILECs. See also, prepared statements of James Ellis (SBC), Edward Young (Verizon), Skip Haynes (Rainier Group), Dhruv Khanna Covad), Cindy Schonhaut (ICG), Len Cali (AT&T), Steve Pociask (Joel Popkin & Co.). 7/27. The Federal Communications Commission held an en banc hearing on the AOL Time Warner merger. FCC Chairman Wm. Kennard said in his prepared statement that "We at the FCC believe that the heart and promise of the Internet since its inception has been openness. ... I am very concerned about the issue of open access - so much so that we are opening a separate proceeding on the subject ... We should also scrutinize closely what effect this merger would have in closing the Digital Divide and allowing ever more Americans entry into the Information Age." In contrast, Commissioner Furchgott-Roth objected to the proceeding. "The parties before us today have submitted license transfer applications to the Commission. Unlike thousands of other license transfer applications that this Agency reviews each year, this one has been singled out for heightened scrutiny ... I cannot support the Commission's review of the merging parties beyond their license transfers ..." See, agenda with links to prepared statements. 7/27. The FTC adopted and released yet another report to the Congress on online privacy. This report commends the National Advertising Initiative (NAI) for their agreement on self-regulatory principles concerning online profiling. See, Self- Regulatory Principles For Online Preference Marketing By Network Advertisers [21 pages in PDF]. Nevertheless, the report still recommends that Congress enact legislation to regulate online privacy practices. Commissioner Swindle wrote a strenuous dissent: "we do not have a market failure here that requires legislative solution ... My colleagues, unwilling to accept a self- regulatory approach, find it necessary to support a highly regulatory scheme for an entire industry." See also, FTC release and Commerce Dept. statement. 7/27. The European Commission’s Washington Delegation wrote a letter to U.S. Senators and Representatives criticizing bills recently introduced in the Senate and House which prohibit mergers between U.S. telecommunications companies and companies that are 25% owned by foreign governments. 7/26. U.S. District Court Judge Marilyn Patel issued a preliminary injunction in the case A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, ordering Napster to stop permitting the copying of copyrighted music by midnight on Friday. The complaint [PDF] was filed by members of the RIAA last December alleging that Napster's activities constitute contributory and vicarious copyright infringement. Napster attorney David Boies said Napster will comply, but appeal. See, RIAA release. [U.S. District Court, N.D.Cal., Case No. C99-5183-MHP.] 7/26. PC Data released a poll that suggests the home computer users tend to agree with Napster's legal defense. See, Tech Law Journal story. 7/26. Sen. John McCain and others introduced S 2928, an online privacy protection bill. 7/26. The FTC filed seven separate Complaints in U.S. District Courts against seven Internet retailers for providing buyers inadequate notice of shipping delays, or continuing to promise specific delivery dates when timely fulfillment was impossible, during the 1999 Christmas shopping season. The FTC alleged that these practices violated the Mail and Telephone Order Rule. The FTC simultaneously filed seven Consent Decrees settling the seven cases. See, FTC release. See also, FTC page with links to copies of Complaints and Consent Decrees. 7/26. House and Senate conferees for the Labor HHS Appropriations bill, HR 4577, may remove the Internet filtering amendments of Sen. John McCain (R-AZ) and Rep. Ernest Istook (R-OK). 7/26. Senate consideration of the Commerce Justice State Appropriations bill (which includes USPTO funding) may be put off until September. The House has passed its version. 7/26. The USPTO released two white papers on business method patents in advance of its July 27 roundtable. See, agenda. 7/26. The Senate Commerce Committee held a hearing titled Broadband Internet Regulatory Relief. See, prepared statements [PDF] of John Bryan (ICG Communications), Arne Haynes (The Rainer Group), Tom Duesterberg (Manufacturers Alliance), James Glassman (AEI and Tech Central Station), and Eric Strumingher (Paine Webber). 7/26. The House Government Reform Committee's Subcommittee on Management, Information and Technology held a hearing on computer security. 7/26. The House Science Committee held a meeting to mark up several bills: • HR 2413, the Computer Security Enhancement Act of 1999, was approved with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Funding for FY 2001 was increased from $4M to $7M, and funding for FY 2002 was set at $8M. • HR 4901, the National Science Foundation Authorization Act of 2000, was held over. • HR 4429, the Electronic Commerce Enhancement Act of 2000, was approved with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. • HR 4271, the National Science Education Act, was approved with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. 7/26. The House passed HR 4710, a bill authorizing $5 Million in funding for the prosecution of Internet obscenity. See, Tech Law Journal story. 7/25. The FCC announced the list of witnesses for its en banc hearing on the AOL Time Warner merger on July 27 from 1:00 to 5:00 PM. See, FCC release. 7/25. The House Commerce Committee's Telecom Subcommittee held an oversight hearing on High Definition Television (HDTV) and related matters. See, statement by Rep. Tom Bliley (R-VA). 7/25. FCC Chairman Wm. Kennard released a statement on the "global digital divide". He said that "this is an effort that requires many programs and efforts on a world-wide basis. It is essential that governments and private sector companies and organizations alike join hands and employ their resources to bring everyone into participation in the digital age." 7/24. Sen. Max Baucus (D-MT) stated in the Senate that the bill providing for PNTR status for China "will be coming before this body, I hope, later this week." He also stated that the bill "has the strong support of at least three-fourths of the Senate." 7/24. FCC Chairman Wm. Kennard gave a speech on government regulation to a NARUC convention in Los Angeles. See also, FCC release. 7/24. House Constitution Subcommittee held a hearing on the FBI's email surveillance system named Carnivore. 7/24. The GAO released a study [PDF] that estimates that state and local governments will lose between $300 million and $3.8 billion in tax revenue this year as a result of Internet sales. 7/24. FCC Chairman Wm. Kennard again suggested that the FCC should expand its authority under the ADA from telecommunications to the Internet. He stated: "The ADA focused on the world made of bricks and mortar. But now we are presented with a different world ... And this world has presented the Commission with a unique challenge - a challenge to ensure that all Americans, including Americans with disabilities, have full and equal opportunities to access and enjoy this virtual world." See, Kennard statement. 7/21. CompTel and CLEC members of CompTel filed a petition asking the FCC to rule that dial-up traffic bound for ISPs is telecommunications traffic that qualifies for reciprocal compensation. See, release. 7/21. The FTC filed an amended complaint against Toysmart alleging that it collected personal information from children in violation of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act. The FTC also settled its lawsuit against Toysmart. See, Stipulated Consent Agreement. The FTC filed its original complaint in U.S. District Court in Massachusetts on July 10, alleging that Toysmart's sale of personal data would be a violation of the company's privacy policy, and hence, a violation of Section 5 of the FTC Act. See also, FTC release. 7/20. Rep. John Dingell (D-MI) introduced HR 4903, a bill to amend the Communications Act of 1934 to strengthen the limitation on holding and transfer of broadcast licenses to foreign persons or foreign governments. 7/20. Rep. Charles Canady (R-FL) introduced HR 4908, the Notice of Electronic Monitoring Act, a bill to provide for the disclosure of electronic monitoring of employee communications and computer usage in the workplace. Sen. Charles Schumer (D-NY) introduced S 2898, the companion bill in the Senate. 7/20. The DOJ Antitrust Division required Clear Channel Communications Inc. and AMFM Inc. to sell 99 radio stations in 27 markets. The two companies are merging. 7/20. The Senate Commerce Committee voted to approve the nomination of Norman Mineta to be Secretary of Commerce. Then, the full Senate voted to approve the nomination. 7/20. Members of the MPAA, the RIAA, and the NMPA filed a complaint in U.S. District Court (SDNY) against Scour, Inc., alleging copyright infringement and unfair competition. The Complaint alleges that the Scour is built around the large-scale theft of copyrighted material and trafficking of stolen works. See, RIAA release. 7/20. The Senate Commerce Committee held a hearing on the purchasing of airline tickets through the Internet, and whether or not it benefits the consumer. See, prepared statements [in PDF] of: • Sen. John McCain (R-AZ). • Bradley Mims, Transportation Dept. • Kenneth Mead, Insp. Gen., Trans. Dept. • Terry Jones, Pres., Travelocity. • Jeffrey Katz, CEO, Orbitz. • Paul Ruden, ASTA. 7/20. The House Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Telecommunications, Trade, and Consumer Protection held a hearing on HR 3850, the Independent Telecommunications Consumer Enhancement Act of 2000, sponsored by Rep. Barbara Cubin (R-WY). See, links to prepared statements. 7/20. The Senate Judiciary Committee again postponed mark up of S 2448, the Internet Integrity and Critical Infrastructure Protection Act of 2000. 7/19. The Senate Commerce Committee reported HR 1912, the Electronic Commerce Technology Promotion Act, a bill that directs NIST to establish a center to (1) act as the centralized resource of information for federal agencies in e-commerce technologies and issues, (2) provide guidance to the OMB in developing policies pertaining to e-commerce, (3) promote the use of e-commerce technologies in federal agencies and small businesses, and (4) ensure that the federal government is represented at domestic and international meetings pertaining to the setting of interoperability specifications for e-commerce technologies. See, Report No. 106-349. 7/19. The Senate Commerce Committee held a hearing on the nomination of Norman Mineta to be Secretary of Commerce. Sen. John McCain (R-AZ) stated that "It is my intention to move your nomination out of this Committee as soon as possible." The vote is scheduled for July 20 at 9:30 AM. Sen. McCain also said in his prepared statement [PDF] that "Daley made a valiant effort to clean up the Commerce Department's reputation as a 'dumping ground' for the politically connected. I hope that Mr. Mineta takes this mission seriously." See also, prepared statement of Mineta. 7/19. The TIA released a report on the FBI's Carnivore software program. "Carnivore is a packet 'sniffer' software program that the FBI's Engineering Research Facility (ERF) in Quantico, Va. developed to covertly search for e-mails and other computer messages from criminal suspects. The program (which could run on a laptop, but is usually installed in a rack-mounted computer) sits in an ISP's facilities, monitoring all packets going through a particular router or pipe. The program essentially is an extremely fast search program," says the TIA report. 7/19. The House International Relations Committee's International Economic Policy and Trade Subcommittee held a hearing on the costs of Internet piracy for the music and software industries. Microsoft's Jack Krumholtz testified on behalf of the BSA. "Although most countries have taken some steps to curb piracy, many still lack the legal protections, remedies, resources, and political infrastructure needed to achieve significant reductions in software theft. The result is an average global piracy rate of 38 percent, and a U.S. rate of 25 percent. Software theft robs the industry of several billion dollars a year." 7/19. The House Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Telecommunications held a legislative hearing entitled "A Review of the FCC’s Spectrum Policies for the 21st Century and H.R. 4758, the Spectrum Resource Assurance Act." 7/19. The House Science Committee held a hearing titled "Encouraging Science, Math, Engineering and Technology Education in Kindergarten Through 12th Grade and H.R. 4273, National Science Education Incentive Act." 7/19. House and Senate Democrats, and the Progressive Policy Institute, released a report titled Tools for Growth: A Legislative Agenda for the New Economy at a Capitol Hill event. Sen. Tom Daschle (D-ND), Sen. Joe Lieberman (D-CT), Rep. Jim Moran (D-VA) and Rep. Ellen Tauscher (D-CA) all spoke. The report contains eight proposals. See, Rep. Moran's release and Sen. Lieberman's release. See also, Tech Law Journal story. 7/19. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee held the second of two days of hearings on PNTR status for Communist China, focusing on human rights, labor, trade and economic implications. 7/19. The Senate Commerce Committee's Science, Technology, and Space Subcommittee' hearing on the National Science Foundation Budget Request for Fiscal Year 2001 was postponed. See, release. 7/19. The USPTO issued a white paper on patent applications in automated business data processing technologies. 7/19. The SIIA released a report titled "Building the Net: Trends Report 2000." It covers six trends shaping the digital economy, including government regulation. It concludes that "policymakers throughout the world are actively considering regulation of the high-tech industry on a number of fronts." See, SIIA release and executive summary of report. 7/19. The FCC began implementation of its Commission Registration System (CORES), a voluntary online system for filing applications and making payments with the FCC. See, FCC release. 7/18. The House passed HR 3113, the Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Mail Act of 2000 by a vote of 427 to 1. 7/18. Japan agreed to lower telecommunication interconnection rates. It will reduce the cost for competition to interconnect with NTT's system by about 50% at the regional level and 20% at the local level over the next two years. "This deal opens Japan's telecommunications market to genuine competition and should save telecommunications carriers around the world more than $2 billion dollars over the next two years," said USTR Charlene Barshefsky. "In the information age, lowering these interconnection rates will unleash enormous economic opportunities for U.S. telecommunication carriers and Internet services providers, as well as for Japanese consumers and the Japanese economy as a whole." See, USTR release. See also, AT&T release, MCI World Com release, and statement by Bill Clinton. 7/18. Compaq filed a complaint in U.S. District Court in Houston against PDE Technology alleging that PDE is infringing on Compaq's patents and trademarks, as well as violating state and federal unfair competition and anti-dilution laws, by selling hard disk carriers that are nearly identical to Compaq's 'universal carriers'." See, Compaq release. 7/18. The DOJ Antitrust Division required Citadel Communications Corp. to sell three central Michigan radio stations following its acquisition of stations from Liggett Broadcast. The DOJ stated that it was concerned that Citadel would have controlled more than 60% of radio ad revenues in Saginaw. See, DOJ release. 7/18. The Senate Appropriations Committee approved the FY 2001 CJS Approps bill with manager's amendments. The Committee increased funding for the USPTO to a level close to estimated user fee income. The bill passed by the House on June 26 diverts $295 Million in user fees to fund other government programs. 7/18. The House Judiciary Committee held a hearing on HR 1686, Internet Freedom Act, and HR 1685, the Internet Growth and Development Act, both of which are sponsored by Rep. Bob Goodlatte (R-VA) and Rep. Rick Boucher (D-VA). See, prepared statements of Rep. Henry Hyde (R-IL), Rep. Billy Tauzin (R-LA), Rep. Anna Eshoo (D-CA), William Kennard (FCC), Tom Tauke (Verizon), Mike McCurry (iAdvance), Randy Lowe (Prism), Glenn Ivey (NARUC), Scott Cleland (Precursor Group), Preston Padden (Disney), Dave Baker (EarthLink), Len Cali (AT&T), Tom Wolzien (Sanford Bernstein & Co.), Robert Sachs (NCTA). 7/18. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee held the first of two hearings on PNTR status for the PR of China, focusing on national security implications. See, Sen. Jesse Helms' (R-NC) opening statement: "Whether Permanent Normal Trade Relations with Communist China will lead to a boom in exports for America is an open question -- I happen to believe it will not. But what we are obliged to consider is whether granting Permanent Normal Trade Relations to China will -- or will not -- serve the national security interests of the United States. There is convincing evidence that it will not." 7/18. The NTIA hosted a roundtable titled "Media Diversity: Minority Owners Conquering New Frontiers." which considered the impact of the 1996 Telecom Act on minority media ownership and whether there is a continued need for policies to facilitate diverse media ownership. 7/18. The U.S. Court of Appeals (8th Circuit) issued its opinion overturning FCC rules governing how much competitors must pay to use elements of the local telephone network. See, statement by FCC Chairman Wm. Kennard, statement by BellSouth Vice Chairman Jere Drummond, statement by CompTel, and statement by USTA. 7/17. Rep. James Traficant (D-OH) addressed transfers of technology to China on the House floor. "China has already stolen our nuclear secrets; and what they have not stolen, the White House has given to them, specifically, supercomputer and satellite technology that enhances China's missile program, and they have missiles pointed at us. Now, if that is not enough to download your hard drive, news reports now confirm that the White House will allow private sector high-tech companies to hire Chinese scientists involved with their military technologies. Beam me up." 7/17. The SEC filed and settled a complaint in U.S. District Court against Jason Chester and JMAX Online Communications Inc. alleging that they violated the touting and fraud provisions of the federal securities laws by publishing on the Internet a stock recommendation that contained false statements. See, SEC release. 7/17. FTC Chairman Rbt. Pitofsky gave a speech in London to the ABA in which he addressed choice of law in international e-commerce disputes. He stated: "Three different frameworks have been proposed. The 'country of destination' approach, in place in most developed countries, generally allows consumers to rely on core protections available where they reside. The proposed 'country of origin' rule would subject companies only to the laws, courts, and law enforcers in their own country. The contractual or 'prescribed by seller' approach -- also supported by many country of origin proponents -- would allow merchants to prescribe the applicable law and jurisdiction in their contracts with consumers." He concluded that "the prescribed by seller and rule of origin systems raise significant consumer protection concerns that risk undermining consumer confidence in e-commerce." 7/17. The FTC sent e-mail notices to web sites that are ignoring the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) and FTC regulations promulgated thereunder. COPPA requires that web sites directed at children may not collect personally identifiable information from children under 13 without parental consent. See, FTC release. 7/17. The Clinton administration announced a further relaxation of encryption export restraints. See, speech by White House Chief of Staff John Podesta and White House release. See also, Tech Law Journal story. 7/17. John Podesta, White House Chief of Staff, gave a speech in Washington DC in which proposed legislation to define the legal requirements for law enforcement authorities engaged in for surveillance in cyberspace. See, Tech Law Journal story. 7/17. Acting Commerce Sec. Robert Mallett announced 18 appointments to two new public advisory committees at the USPTO. The Patent Public Advisory Committee and the Trademark Public Advisory Committee were both created by the 1999 American Inventors Protection Act, also called the "patent reform bill." See, release. 7/16. ITAA President Harris Miller gave a speech in Tokyo in which he called for the creation of an International Information Security Coordinating Center, to allow industry and government to share information and best practices on information security issues, work towards harmonized national laws on cybercrime, create a channel for professional networking, and serve as an early warning system for detecting and responding to intrusions and purposeful disruptions of Internet commerce. See, ITAA release. 7/16. The ICANN Board of Directors approved several resolutions at its meeting in Yokohama, Japan, including one regarding the creation of new top level domains, and another regarding the at-large membership and election process. Go to News Briefs from July 1-15, 2000.
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